Showing posts with label agriculture. Show all posts
Showing posts with label agriculture. Show all posts

Monday, November 17, 2014

Finger Millet - A Disabled Friendly Crop

This is a guest post written by Ms. Rachel Belda Raj. Rachel serves as Project Manager of the project on Community Based Rehabilitation for the Disabled in NJH.









Working with vulnerable groups for their rehabilitation and empowerment is a challenging task and then there are People with Disabilities (PWDs) who often are the most vulnerable, trapped in the cycle of poverty and disability. The rehabilitation process is time consuming as it involves both helping them discover opportunities as well as facilitate a change in their thought process. In the process of our working with PWDs, disabled friendly opportunities are rare as society is a long way from main streaming. A change in attitude may occur but without the right opportunities, they are not fully rehabilitated, unless they create the opportunities themselves.

Here is an account of a created opportunity towards rehabilitation.

Like most rural communities, agriculture is the main source of income for our community part of the Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) Project for PWDs. Unfortunately the area we work in is a drought prone area affecting the main source and for most people the only source of income or food. The PWDs also find themselves most vulnerable as their mobility impairments affect their agriculture as well. Surprisingly, this issue has been a recent one as for generations, this area has been a drought prone area but people have survived by cultivating drought resistant crops. But with the green revolution and introduction of cash crops, traditional drought resistant crops were abandoned. Now, with the climate change issues and lack of rainfall, the community finds itself vulnerable as neither they have irrigation facilities or timely rain for the cash crops nor the traditional knowledge of drought resistant crops.

The Community Based Adaptation Project had discovered the long forgotten drought resistant crops of the area especially finger millet which had been part of the community. They are now working to promote Finger Millets both for its drought resistance as well its nutritional content aiming to tackle poverty and mal nutrition.

As a spill over effect of the project work, the PWDs in the CBR Project area had also heard about the work to promote finger millet. Both out of curiosity and desperation, they enquired about finger millet. Most of them had idea as their ancestors had grown and consumed in their homes. As predicted, the lack of rain fall left most of the fields barren. Meanwhile, the CBA project had arranged a training regarding drought resistant crops at Satbarwa, the block headquarters.

The PWDs from the village Patna were encouraged to attend so they would get an idea of Finger millet and its benefits. The meeting was facilitated by Prof. Haider from Birsa Agriculture University, Ranchi. As they presented fascinating facts about Finger Millet, the PWDs were convinced to at least give it a try. As in the end of the meeting seeds were sold at nominal prices, almost 18 PWDs bought about 200gms to cultivate.

The Finger Millet was cultivated and unlike many other crops, this doesn’t need much effort or regular supervision. This was beneficial to most PWDs as they most of them had mobility impairments and were dependant on other people for agriculture. This crop reduced their dependency as there was hardly any effort involved. Of course, regular care of the crop would definitely give higher yields.

When Professor Haider visited the region last week, one of the fields he visited was that of Mr. Manoj who had done cultivation of madwa in one plot of land. He was elated on seeing the yield. In fact, Professor Haider was also taken aback at how finger millet farming has become a boon to a disabled farmer.


The team at Manoj's field . . . 

Prof. Haider interacting with Mr. Manoj . . . 
They now look forward to the harvest. Cultivation of finger millets has not only ensured them some source of food and income but also re kindled hope for the future. 

Monday, May 5, 2014

The Wheat Harvest

It was only couple of days back I realised that I had not shared about the yield we got from the cultivation of wheat by System of Wheat Intensification in our campus. 

Few snaps of the threshing process . . . 





About the total yield, we got 31 kilograms from 70 square metres of cultivation. Considering that 1 hectare is 10,000 square metres, we calculated the yield per hectare as 4.4 tonnes per hectare. 

Now, this is very high yield for this region. From casual talk with farmers, they hardly get more than 2 tonnes per hectare. Now, the variety we used was a local variety and there was not much of fertilizers of any form used. Many of our laborers were amazed by the seed size and density. 

Next year, we plan System of Crop Intensification for Ragi (Finger Millet) . . . 

Monday, April 7, 2014

System of Wheat Intensification

As part of the CBA Project, we had started off doing demonstration plots in various crops since last October. In one small plot of approximately 70 square metres, we did wheat cultivation as per techniques used in System of Wheat Intensification. Abinash Biswal, one of our project staff took the leadership in doing it and he's put it in his blog. 

Snaps of the same . . . most of them taken by Mr. Thomas John, Co-ordinator, Climate Change, EHA. 



From left to right - Prabodh, Mahendar, Rajeev, Sr. Rita, Mathias, Dinesh, Amit William, Jeevan, Dr. Roshine, Ms. Meghala, Ebez, Rachel, Sheron, Abinash

A closer look

Beetroot

The champion plant - had 46 heads from a single plant

Tuesday, February 4, 2014

Farming at NJH

Since the last 3 months, we had been doing a bit of farming on the land we had received as a donation from Sr. Masih. The initial efforts has been a mixed experience. Snaps of the same . . . 
That's our damaged potato field . . . The cold ensured that almost all the plants dried off . . . However, we got about 40 kilograms of produce. 

The mustard field . . .

Another view of the potato field . . .
The tomato plant section

Spinach . . . and wheat (done by System of Wheat Intensification

And look here . . .  who's coming . . . 
The potato field being ploughed to plant the next crop . . .

Friday, December 13, 2013

Village Medical Camp



Quite a many public health experts think of a one time medical camp as a waste of resources. However, we get invited many a time by organizations to conduct medical camps in villages. 


I usually oblige. The prime reason being that I need to have a very good relationship with the organisations who call us for these camps. The other reason being that many patients who need surgeries are identified and referred. However, experience says that very few of them turn up. 


But, the major reason for going for a camp is that we doctors get a hang of what is happening in the communities only if we go for such camps. 


Last week we had a medical camp was in a remote village in Chinia block of Garhwa district.



My quick notes about the place – 


- The impoverishment of the area strikes you. There were only about a dozen people who had an average physique. Almost all the women were poorly built and nourished. 


- There is a high incidence of hypertension. We calculated about 40 newly detected patients with high blood pressure in the crowd of about 400.



- There is a high incidence of cataracts. The fact that the elderly are quite disabled by cataract is comfortably ignored. Very few families were bothered about it. The attitude was that they are old anyway and therefore there is hardly a need to worry about their sight. They only want some medicine to be put and we found it difficult to convince the families that these elderly would benefit from a simple surgery. And we were doing it free. Of the 40 odd patients whom we referred, only one turned up for free surgery.


- Another striking aspect which was also seen in camps we did earlier was the high incidence of corneal opacities in the young. Most of them were secondary to trivial injuries to the eye.



Of the above, the most worrying . . . the relatively high incidence of hypertension in rural communities. With the amount of follow up that non-communicable diseases such as hypertension warrant, they could spell the death knell for quite a lot of our agrarian populations.


The quite a few number of strokes we get in NJH is good enough proof.
 
I wonder how serious we are about the morbidity and mortality that non-communicable diseases can do to agriculture economies . . .

Friday, November 15, 2013

Finger Millet (Ragi)


That is the snap of a plate of Ragi (finger millet) idli with chicken curry. 

The item is part of a effort from our CH team to re-introduce and popularize finger millet (ragi) cropping in our part of the country. 

Finger millet is known by the following names in different parts of the country. 

We had found out that millets had been the backbone of the food security of quite a large part of this region of the country for ages. Till the green revolution forced rice and wheat cultivation onto the population. It was furthered pushed on by construction of dams to ensure sustained irrigation.

However, with the reality of climate change, people have slowly started to realize the significance of alternate cropping in which millets play a vital part. 

There are quite a lot of websites which glory the use of millets in our regular diet, but I found quite a good blog which describes things in detail. It is very well recognized as on of the best food items that can be given to babies during weaning.

More than all these are the facts about the cultivation of millets . . . I had mentioned about them in my previous post . . .

- These crops are hardy and require less water. 

- They can be grown in low fertile soils.

- Millets grow better with biofertilizers.

- Most of the millets are pest-free. In traditional societies, they used to be used as used as anti-pest agents to store pulses etc. 

- Nutrient to nutrient, most of the millets are much superior to rice and wheat.  

Well, for all the food pundits, here is the nutritive value of finger millets when we compare to rice and wheat.


Protein (gm)
Fibres (gm)
Minerals (gms)
Iron (mg)
Calcium (mg)
Rice
6.8
0.2
0.6
0.7
10
Wheat
11.8
1.2
1.5
5.3
41
Finger millet
7.3
3.6
2.7
3.9
344

I'm sure this will impress you. And one can very well conclude that one cannot address malnutrition without seriously looking into issue of popularizing millets. 

More on what our Community Health department is doing with regard to popularising Ragi cultivation and usage in my next post . . . 

By the way, I'm yet to find someone to help out with getting Kodo seeds . . .

Friday, March 15, 2013

Thoughts on agriculture . . .


I was in my post graduate alma mater, the Christian Medical College, Vellore, the last couple of days. And I had quite a long journey back to NJH.

I happened to go through photographs taken during my time at the Community Health and Development Department. 

The following series of snaps were taken during one of the programs we have for medical students. 

The first snap shows a group of women planting paddy on the fields.


As I finished the shot, I was surprised to see a group of students coming back from school. 

First came the boys . . .


Then the girls . . .


As they vanished from sight, I wondered if their education would be a hurdle for them to work in the fields. 


My grandfather used to work in similar paddy fields. After education and literacy came to our village, there was nobody to work in the fields and they lie vacant. Everybody was busy getting graduation and jobs in the city . . . and abroad . . .

As I was pondering over it, in came dark clouds which looked like foretelling that the future looks bleak . . .


Saturday, January 5, 2013

Cold . . . Wreaking havoc


Many of us think that it’s only drought that destroy agricultural crops. A downside of the very harsh winter which also brings about beautiful scenes of nature is the havoc it wrecks on agriculture. 

Kindly see the following snaps.

This is potato crop which has been destroyed because of extreme cold in villages around NJH.

Below is the very small potatoes which have been dug up from the destroyed crop.

However, there are crops which does not get much affected like green peas, cabbage.



Another way to prevent such sort of damage is to do inter-cropping like the snap given below. If you look carefully, you can see tomato, potato, brinjal and mustard in the same vegetable patch.

We hope that the temperatures would not go down any further . . .  However, the farmers tell us that it is not about the temperatures going down . . . rather, it is the severe fluctuations in the temperature that is causing all the damage . . .

That's climate change for you . . . 

Wednesday, October 17, 2012

Holidays . .. ...

Well, I'm away from hospital and on holidays for the next 3 weeks. It's been 5 exhilarating months at NJH since the last time I was away. The major part being the huge increase in patient load compared to the previous years. Am I exhausted? Yeah, to a certain extent . . . but when I see the smile of the patients whom we could save from almost certain death, I don't mind the workload.


It's holiday time in our region for almost the whole of next 2 months . . . Dussehra, Diwali, Chatt . . . and they all keep people quite busy. The outpatients would think twice before coming to hospital. Only if they are really sick would they turn up . . . which makes the emergency a bit busier than usual. In addition, since the other hospitals may be closed or partially staffed, quite a number of patients would make a beeline to NJH. Then there would be deliveries, which have sort of tapered down over the last 2 weeks.

Talking of lives saved, I was sort of forced to look into statistics about a week back before I went off on holiday. The reason - A meeting facilitated by my post graduate Alma Mater, the Community Health Department, Christian Medical College, Vellore along with a whole lot of organisations - Emmanuel Hospital Association, Catholic Health Association of India, Catholic Bishops Conference of India, CCHDT.

Dr Kurien George, Head of the Department of Community Health,
Christian Medical College, Vellore addresses the gathering
Just wanted to share some of the calculations we came up with . . .

First, the populations, we deal with -

District
Total pop.
Pop. catered
Palamu
1936319
1452239
Garhwa
1322387
661194
Latehar
725673
362837
Total
3984379
2476269

The population catered has been arrived at by excluding the blocks within the districts which we know are more nearer to Gaya or Varanasi or Ranchi. For example, the blocks in Palamu district which border Bihar are more closer to Gaya, whereas there are blocks bordering Uttar Pradesh in Garhwa district which are nearer to Varanasi, and for Latehar, many of the blocks are nearer to Ranchi. 

Then looking at maternal deaths for the duration January-Sept 2012 - 


Then, we looked at Maternal Near Misses . . . and it was a rude shock. We did not look at all maternal misses, only those who went through Intensive Care. MNM definitions includes even those who had to have blood transfusions. I could not get those stats. 


There are quite a lot things being planned. And I'm really excited of what we could be looking at after one year if everything goes as planned. 

Talking about things I'm excited of, I cannot hide the excitement I have of the new Community Health Projects we are embarking on. There's this new project on disability which we are planning to implement in 8 blocks of Palamu district and 4 districts of Latehar district. In addition, there is the project on Climate Change where we try to empower communities to respond to climate change. There is a whole new team who will be working on this. 

For the Climate Change project, we were in for a surprise when Dr M S Yadav, Director, Zonal Research Centre (Agriculture) visited us. He is in charge of 6 districts in agriculture research and promotion. He requested our collaboration in the field of agriculture. The topics he dealt with ranged from need for watershed mapping and construction of check dams in the surrounding villages, millet cultivation, poultry - duck, turkey and quail, pig and goat rearing, mushroom cultivation, vermicompost and fish rearing in ponds, exploring the possibility of pilot projects within the campus in fish rearing (already being done - but to do it more scientifically), mushroom cultivation, pig and goat rearing and drip irrigation. 

Dr Yadav talks with the CH staff
Well, the list is mind-boggling. It only shows the potential we have in this place. Later, I had discussions with our Community Health Manager, Mr. Prabodh and our Manager-Technical Maintenance, Mr. Dinesh about the visit. We would be seriously looking at the possibility of an Agriculture Department and possibly a Veterinary Doctor too. 

Well, I'm sure that I will not be able to do all these things without additional help, but just a glimpse about the possibilities makes ones imaginations go wild . . . 

I'm of course on holiday, but I just can't wait to get back . . .  Please do help us to get new staff who would be willing to look at agriculture, veterinary sciences etc as well as a surgeon when Dr Nandamani leaves in mid-December.